What arguments have been advanced to justify the European take over of societies in Asia and Africa during the latter part of the nineteenth century To what degree are such arguments justified?

During the latter part of the nineteenth century, European powers justified their takeover of Asian and African societies through a combination of economic, political, and cultural arguments. They claimed to be bringing "civilization," democracy, and progress to "backward" societies, often framing their actions as a moral obligation to uplift these populations, known as the "White Man's Burden." Additionally, the quest for resources and markets to fuel industrial growth played a significant role in justifying Imperialism. However, these arguments are largely seen as flawed and self-serving, as they often masked the exploitative and violent realities of colonization, undermining the rich cultures and societies they purported to "civilize."