There are many! For me, personally, these are the big ones:
-The hopelessness and impossibility of love between people of different religions (the tragic nature of courtly love)
-The priceless value of female honor, a.k.a. virginity
-Greed as both a motivating factor and a cause of downfall
-The view of love as a "sickness" with debilitating effects both physically & mentally
-Misogyny or the popular medieval view of women as corrupt seductresses
-The fear and hysteria caused by the Spanish Inquisition
-Putting individual differences aside in pursuit of the "greater good"
-The powerful influence of others' thoughts -- reputation -- on your own actions (as opposed to one's own morals and beliefs)
-Societal changes in accordance with the transition into the Renaissance (individualism, business, the end of chivalry, graphic violence, torture as a means to a political end)
-The wisdom associated with old age
-Doing what one must just in order to survive (prostitution, servitude, deception, etc.)
-The old concept of "cleanliness of blood," a.k.a. lacking Muslim heritage
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