What is the biological explanation for how memory works called?

The biological explanation for how memory works is primarily based on the concept of neuroplasticity, which refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new neural connections throughout life. Memory formation involves processes like synaptic plasticity, where the strength of synapses (connections between neurons) is modified, particularly through mechanisms such as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD). These changes enable the storage and retrieval of information in different brain regions, notably the hippocampus and the cortex.