Chernobyl was the only large-scale abandonment of a city due to a nuclear disaster in history. By comparison, Nagasaki or Hiroshima could be used, as they were the sites of atomic bombings during WW2, but the people returned after the blast, regardless of the radiation.
Unlike the latter examples, Chernobyl remained completely uninhabited after the 1986 nuclear meltdown at a power plant a few miles from the city. The population of Chernobyl was bordering on 10,000 people before the explosion, and the 2010 population census revealed that only about 500 people remained there after the meltdown.
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