Who were the perioki?

The Perioeci were a class of free, non-citizen inhabitants of ancient Sparta who lived in surrounding territories, primarily in Laconia and Messenia. They were responsible for various economic activities, such as trade and craftsmanship, and served as a vital part of the Spartan economy. While they had certain rights and autonomy, they were not allowed to participate in Spartan political life or hold citizenship. Their status allowed Spartan citizens to focus on military training and governance.