Can a police officer charge some one for the smell of drugs but have not done a search of drugs on the premises?

No I don't think so

Added: They may not make any criminal charge based solely on a smell.

HOWEVER, the distinctive odor of many drugs DOES give the officer reasonable suspicion, and even probable cause, to believe that an illegal substance may be present and he may then legally conduct a search without a warrant for the drugs or contraband.