How people made money from the mining industry without actually mining?

People have made money from the mining industry without physically mining by investing in mining stocks or exchange-traded funds (ETFs) that focus on mining companies. Others have engaged in providing services or products to miners, such as equipment manufacturing, logistics, or consulting. Additionally, some have capitalized on the rise of cryptocurrencies by investing in companies that mine digital currencies or by trading in cryptocurrency markets themselves, which often relate back to the mining industry. Lastly, land leasing or royalties from mineral rights can also generate income without direct involvement in mining activities.