Which type of technology did city planners adopt during the Industrial Age in an attempt to meet the needs of commuters?

During the Industrial Age, city planners adopted mass transit technologies such as railways, trams, and later, subways to accommodate the growing number of commuters in urban areas. These systems were designed to facilitate the efficient movement of large populations, reduce congestion, and connect suburban areas with city centers. The introduction of these technologies significantly transformed urban landscapes and influenced patterns of commuting and settlement.