What carves a valley?

A valley is typically carved by the erosive forces of water, particularly through processes such as river erosion. Over time, flowing water cuts into the landscape, removing soil and rock, which gradually shapes the valley's shape and depth. Glacial activity can also create valleys, where glaciers carve out U-shaped or V-shaped formations as they move. Other natural forces, such as tectonic activity, can contribute to valley formation as well.