How do 12 volt coolers work?

12-volt coolers use thermoelectric cooling technology, which relies on the Peltier effect to transfer heat away from the cooler's interior. When electric current flows through the thermoelectric module, one side becomes cold while the other side dissipates heat. This process effectively lowers the temperature inside the cooler, allowing it to keep food and beverages chilled when connected to a vehicle's battery or a portable power source. Some models may also use traditional compressor refrigeration for more efficient cooling.