How does being landlocked affect it ability to trade?

Being landlocked limits a country's ability to engage in international trade by restricting its access to sea routes, which are vital for shipping goods efficiently and cost-effectively. Without direct access to ports, landlocked nations often rely on neighboring countries for transit, leading to increased transportation costs and potential delays. This can hinder their competitiveness in global markets and may limit their economic growth. Additionally, landlocked countries may face challenges in establishing trade agreements and infrastructure necessary for trade facilitation.