Does changing Toyota Prius 15 inch rim to 17 inch harm the suspension or steering system?

The car is designed to have a certain size tire on it. The suspension is tuned for a specific size. Changing wheel or tire size changes all of the engineering that went into the suspension. The sidewall of the tire is what supports the weight of the vehicle. Using a bigger rim with a low profile tire will cause added stress to front end parts and will have a much harsher ride.