In the menstrual cycle, estrogen functions to promote the thickening of the uterine lining (endometrium) in preparation for a potential pregnancy. It also plays a key role in regulating the menstrual cycle and stimulating the growth of ovarian follicles. In contrast, progesterone functions to stabilize and maintain the uterine lining after ovulation, preparing it for implantation of a fertilized egg. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels drop, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining during menstruation.
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