What theories focus attention on the composition of an artwork and how earlier artworks may have influenced it?

Art historical theories that focus on the composition of an artwork and the influence of earlier works include Formalism and Iconography. Formalism emphasizes the elements and principles of design—such as line, shape, color, and texture—while analyzing how these aspects convey meaning and evoke emotion. Iconography examines the symbols and themes in art, often tracing their origins and evolution through history, highlighting how previous artworks inform new creations. Additionally, intertextuality in art theory explores how artworks reference or respond to one another, creating a dialogue across time and styles.