Conifers fill their needles with resin for what reason?

Conifers produce resin in their needles primarily for protection against herbivores, pathogens, and environmental stressors. The sticky substance serves as a deterrent to insects and animals that might feed on the tree, while also having antimicrobial properties that help prevent infections. Additionally, resin can seal wounds in the tree, aiding in recovery from physical damage. Overall, this adaptation enhances the survival and resilience of coniferous trees in their ecosystems.