How were the characters in Cry the Beloved Country affected by the setting?

In "Cry, the Beloved Country," the characters are profoundly impacted by the harsh realities of apartheid-era South Africa, which shapes their experiences and relationships. The rural setting of Ndotsheni contrasts sharply with the harsh urban environment of Johannesburg, reflecting the societal dislocation and personal struggles faced by characters like Stephen Kumalo and his son Absalom. The landscape symbolizes the broader themes of loss, hope, and the quest for redemption, as characters navigate the challenges of a fractured society. Ultimately, the setting serves as a catalyst for their growth and understanding of the deep-rooted issues affecting their lives and communities.