A one year old can eat just about any food. It really depends on how many teeth he or she has.
Whatever you serve your one year old, make sure you dice into smaller bits, especially meats and fresh vegetables and fruits. You'll want these to about the size of a pea, or slightly larger, but no bigger than a peanut.
So if he has some jaw teeth in addition to his front teeth, you can serve him practically anything that he isn't allergic to. However, whether there is an allergy in the family or not, peanuts should still be avoided as an allergy can still be developed particularly until age two. Also, peanuts are a perfect choking hazard, whether he has the teeth to chew it or not.
Also, ration the portion of fish products and byproducts, as well as seafood, because these contain concentrates of Mercury (especially fish from the rivers). While it is okay to consume some fish, consuming too much fish can result in your child's digestive system being unable to waste the intake of mercury appropriately causing it to store within cells and creating all kinds of issues. Two or three portions of fish per week is fine.
Whatever else you cook yourself, he can eat as long as you cut it up for him.
If he doesn't have any jaw teeth, but does have some front teeth, he can still eat a lot of things, but they will need to be fully cooked or steamed so that you can "mush" these up (or he can easily gum them down). Softer foods like crackers and pasta will be bitten and gummed into the appropriate swallowing size. As for chicken, steaks, ground beef, etc, you probably should stick to baby food versions of these (you can use stage 2 or stage 3) because they are rather soft to be gummed. In any case, you want to provide a wide variety of foods from all food groups to your child. You can even allow him options, like placing two different (simple) foods in front of him and let him choose which he wants to eat (though he may want to sample both and this is great!). Keep in mind, he will probably need to "try" new foods several times before determining whether or not he likes it. Just because he refuses it after the first bite, doesn't mean he won't like it at the end of the week, if you've offered it to him enough.
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