What are the main ideas of Karl Marx 's theory?

Karl Marx's theory primarily revolves around the concepts of class struggle, historical materialism, and the critique of capitalism. He argued that society progresses through conflicts between different social classes, particularly between the bourgeoisie (capitalists) and the proletariat (workers). Marx believed that capitalism inherently leads to exploitation and alienation, ultimately resulting in its own downfall and the rise of a classless society through socialism and communism. His analysis emphasizes the economic structures that shape social relations and consciousness.