Who ruled harrapans?

The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus Valley Civilization, did not have a centralized form of government or a known ruling class like many contemporary civilizations. Instead, it is believed to have been organized into various city-states that were likely governed by local leaders or councils. The absence of written records makes it difficult to ascertain the exact nature of their political structure. However, their advanced urban planning and trade systems suggest a level of social organization and cooperation among their cities.