How does a directional microphone work?

A directional microphone is designed to capture sound from specific directions while minimizing noise from other angles. It typically employs a polar pattern, such as cardioid, supercardioid, or hypercardioid, which defines its sensitivity to sound from various directions. By using multiple sound entry points or differences in sound wave arrival times, the microphone can enhance signals coming from the desired direction and attenuate ambient noise. This makes directional microphones ideal for applications like live performances, interviews, and recording in noisy environments.