How were political campaigns in the 19th century?

Political campaigns in the 19th century were characterized by grassroots efforts, with candidates often relying on local rallies, parades, and speeches to engage voters. Campaigns were heavily influenced by the rise of party organizations and the use of printed materials, such as pamphlets and newspapers, to spread their messages. Personal connections and local issues were emphasized, as candidates sought to build rapport with constituents. Additionally, the use of informal social gatherings played a significant role in mobilizing support.