What was the effect on settlers kill millions of buffalo?

The mass killing of millions of buffalo by settlers in the 19th century had devastating effects on Native American tribes who relied on buffalo for food, clothing, and shelter. This destruction of the buffalo population contributed to the displacement and cultural disruption of these tribes, leading to increased reliance on government aid and a loss of traditional lifestyles. Additionally, the decline of the buffalo herds significantly altered the Great Plains ecosystem, impacting other wildlife and plant communities.