What are the fundamental principles of music theory that govern the construction and application of guitar scales?

The fundamental principles of Music Theory that govern the construction and application of guitar scales include understanding the relationship between notes, intervals, and scales. Scales are sequences of notes that follow specific patterns, such as major or minor scales. These patterns determine the sound and mood of the music. By applying these principles, Guitarists can create melodies, harmonies, and solos that are musically coherent and pleasing to the ear.