Food adulteration in junk food

Adulteration of honey from C4 sugar can can occur by blatant addition of cane sugar or corn syrup to honey (called stretching), or by poor beekeeping practises where beekeepers collect honey generated by bees which continue to be sugar fed during the nectar flow. Honey with carbon isotope values less than -23.5 ‰ can be considered to be adulterated with sucrose or corn syrup. Using carbon isotopes, we can determine the quantity of C4 sugar contained in the honey.