How did the sumerians do brain surgery?

The Sumerians practiced a form of surgery known as trepanation, which involved drilling or scraping a hole in the skull to treat various ailments, such as head injuries or mental health issues. They used rudimentary tools made from stone or metal and likely relied on herbal remedies and rituals to manage pain and infection. Evidence suggests they had a basic understanding of anatomy, although their methods were rudimentary by modern standards. Despite the risks, some patients survived the procedure, as indicated by signs of healing found in skeletal remains.