What is risk averse in economics?

In economics, risk aversion refers to the preference of individuals or entities to avoid uncertainty and potential losses when making decisions. Risk-averse individuals prefer outcomes that are more certain, even if they offer lower expected returns, over riskier options that could yield higher returns. This behavior is often illustrated through utility theory, where risk-averse individuals derive less satisfaction from uncertain gains compared to certain, smaller gains. As a result, risk aversion influences investment decisions, insurance purchases, and overall economic behavior.