The Peace of Westphalia, concluded in 1648, resulted in several significant outcomes: it ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe, leading to a shift in the balance of power among European states. It recognized the principle of state sovereignty, establishing that nations could govern themselves without external interference. Additionally, it allowed for the coexistence of different religious groups, particularly Protestantism and Catholicism, within the Holy Roman Empire. Lastly, it laid the groundwork for modern international relations and diplomacy by formalizing the concept of treaties between sovereign states.
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