Who were the first people to live in the city-states?

The first people to inhabit city-states were often early agricultural societies that transitioned from nomadic lifestyles. These early inhabitants, such as the Sumerians in Mesopotamia, developed complex societies around 3000 BCE, characterized by urban centers, social hierarchies, and trade. They established governance, religious institutions, and infrastructure, laying the groundwork for future civilizations. Other notable early city-states included those in ancient Egypt, the Indus Valley, and Mesoamerica.