What position does Montesquieu take on the effects of lenient and severe punishments?

Montesquieu argues that severe punishments can lead to more harm than good, as they may provoke resentment and rebellion rather than deter crime. He believes that lenient punishments can be more effective, as they tend to promote a sense of justice and encourage individuals to reform. Ultimately, he advocates for a balanced approach that considers the context of the crime and the characteristics of the offender, aiming for a system that promotes order without resorting to excessive cruelty.