What is upsampling and downsampling?

Upsampling is the process of increasing the sample rate or resolution of a signal, image, or dataset, often to enhance quality or match a higher resolution format. Conversely, downsampling reduces the sample rate or resolution, which can help decrease file size, improve processing speed, or remove unnecessary detail. Both techniques are commonly used in digital signal processing, image processing, and data analysis to manage and optimize data for various applications.