Oliver Cromwell significantly transformed Parliament during the English Civil War and the subsequent Commonwealth period. His leadership led to the establishment of the New Model Army and a more assertive role for Parliament, reducing the monarchy's power. While Cromwell's actions helped to promote the idea of a representative government, his later rule became increasingly authoritarian, which ultimately led to mixed assessments of his impact on parliamentary democracy. Overall, his legacy is complex, with both progressive and repressive elements.
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