What can cause black smoke from the engine compartment on an 2003 S10?

Black smoke from the engine compartment of a 2003 S10 typically indicates a fuel-rich condition, often caused by a malfunctioning fuel injector, a clogged air filter, or issues with the mass airflow sensor. Other potential causes include a faulty engine control unit (ECU) or problems with the ignition system, such as worn spark plugs. Additionally, excessive oil consumption or a failing turbocharger (if equipped) could contribute to black smoke. It's important to diagnose the issue promptly to prevent further engine damage.