How do you calculate vat intput and output?

To calculate VAT input and output, first identify the VAT you paid on purchases (input VAT) and the VAT you charged on sales (output VAT). Input VAT is the tax included in the cost of goods or services acquired for business use, while output VAT is the tax collected from customers on sales. To determine the VAT you owe to the tax authorities, subtract the total input VAT from the total output VAT. If the output VAT exceeds the input VAT, you pay the difference; if the input VAT exceeds the output VAT, you may be eligible for a VAT refund.