What is the process by which yeast changes sugar into carbon dioxide is called?

The process by which yeast converts sugar into carbon dioxide is called fermentation. During fermentation, yeast metabolizes sugars anaerobically (without oxygen) to produce energy, resulting in the production of carbon dioxide and alcohol as byproducts. This process is crucial in various applications, such as baking and brewing, where the carbon dioxide helps dough rise and creates bubbles in beverages.