How did the industrial revolution change the human geography of Northwestern Europe?

The Industrial Revolution significantly altered the human geography of Northwestern Europe by catalyzing urbanization as people migrated from rural areas to cities in search of jobs in factories. This shift led to the rapid growth of urban centers, resulting in increased population densities and changes in social structures. Additionally, the demand for transportation infrastructure, such as railways and canals, reshaped regional connectivity and economic activities. Overall, these changes contributed to the emergence of a more interconnected and industrialized landscape.