How is karyotyping used in the medical field?

Karyotyping is a laboratory technique used to visualize an individual's chromosomes to identify genetic abnormalities. In the medical field, it is primarily employed in prenatal screening to detect chromosomal disorders such as Down syndrome, as well as in cancer diagnostics to identify specific genetic changes associated with certain tumors. Karyotyping can also aid in the evaluation of infertility and recurrent miscarriages by assessing chromosomal integrity. This information helps guide treatment decisions and genetic counseling for affected individuals and families.