What could cause a horses penis sheath to become inflamed?

Inflammation of a horse's penis sheath, known as preputial swelling, can be caused by various factors, including infection (such as bacterial or fungal infections), trauma or injury, irritants from bedding or grooming products, and the presence of foreign bodies. Poor hygiene can also contribute to the buildup of smegma, leading to irritation and inflammation. Additionally, systemic health issues or allergic reactions may play a role. Regular veterinary check-ups can help identify and address these issues promptly.