Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace prize in 1906 and was awarded the Medal of Honor posthumously in 2001. He had been recommended for the Medal of Honor for leading the assault on San Juan Heights near Santiago, Cuba as an Army Colonel and commander of the 1st US Volunteer Cavalry "Rough Riders" Regiment on July 1, 1898 during the Spanish-American War. His recommendation was initially squashed by the Secretary of War in retaliation for a letter he wrote criticizing the chain of command over several of his regiment falling ill and dying of malaria and yellow fever due to delays in returning to the US after the battle. It took over a century of the Army reviewing the case before the medal was finally awarded. His Nobel Peace Prize was for mediating the peace treaty between Russia and Japan at the end of the 1904-1905 Russo-Japanese War, while President of the United States.
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