Before World War II, Italy saw the rise of Benito Mussolini, a fascist leader who promoted authoritarianism and nationalism. In Germany, Adolf Hitler ascended to power as the head of the Nazi Party, advocating for totalitarianism, militarism, and anti-Semitism. The Soviet Union was led by Joseph Stalin, who established a totalitarian regime characterized by state control over all aspects of life and widespread purges against perceived enemies. Each of these leaders implemented aggressive policies that contributed to the tensions leading up to the war.
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