How do the intercostal muscle and diaphragm work together for inhalation and exhalation?

During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and moves downward, increasing the thoracic cavity's volume, while the external intercostal muscles contract to lift the ribs and expand the chest. This coordinated action decreases the pressure inside the lungs, allowing air to flow in. For exhalation, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles relax, causing the thoracic cavity to decrease in volume, which increases lung pressure and pushes air out. Thus, these muscles work together to regulate airflow during breathing.