What is head loss?

Head loss refers to the reduction in the total mechanical energy of fluid as it moves through a system, often due to friction, turbulence, or changes in elevation. It is typically measured in terms of height (meters or feet) of the fluid column and is an important factor in hydraulic engineering and fluid dynamics. Understanding head loss is crucial for designing efficient piping systems, pumps, and other fluid transport mechanisms. It can be caused by various factors, including pipe roughness, bends, fittings, and changes in flow area.