What event ended the transportation of felons?

The transportation of felons effectively ended with the passage of the Penal Transportation Act of 1857 in Britain, which formally abolished the practice. This decision was influenced by changes in public sentiment, the impracticalities of transportation, and the growing opposition to the conditions and treatment of transported convicts. Subsequently, many convicts were instead sent to local prisons or placed on probation. The decline of transportation marked a significant shift in the penal system, moving towards incarceration rather than exile.