Aradus, Byblos, Beirut, and Tyre were significant Phoenician city-states known for their maritime trade and cultural influence in the ancient Mediterranean. Byblos is often credited as one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities and a center for the development of the alphabet. Tyre was famous for its powerful navy and the production of purple dye, while Beirut gained a reputation as a center of learning and law. Together, these cities played vital roles in spreading Phoenician culture and trade networks.
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