What power did Congress use to create a National Bank in the 1800s?

Congress created a National Bank in the 1800s using the implied powers granted by the Necessary and Proper Clause of the Constitution. This clause allows Congress to enact laws that are necessary to carry out its enumerated powers, such as regulating commerce and managing finances. Supporters argued that a national bank was essential for stabilizing the economy and providing a uniform currency, while opponents questioned its constitutionality. Ultimately, the establishment of the First Bank of the United States in 1791 illustrated the debate over federal versus state authority and the interpretation of federal powers.