How does castration affect a man?

Castration, the surgical or chemical removal of the testes, significantly affects a man's hormone levels, particularly testosterone. This can lead to various physical and psychological changes, such as reduced libido, erectile dysfunction, decreased muscle mass, and potential mood swings or depression. Additionally, long-term effects may include an increased risk of osteoporosis and metabolic changes. The emotional and psychological impact can also be profound, affecting identity and self-esteem.