What was the debt owed by all nations in World War 2?

By the end of World War II, the total debt owed by all nations was estimated to be around $1 trillion (in 1945 dollars). This immense financial burden was primarily due to military expenditures, reconstruction efforts, and economic support programs like the Marshall Plan. The United States emerged as the world’s largest creditor, while many European nations faced significant economic challenges in repaying their debts. The war fundamentally reshaped global financial systems and led to the establishment of institutions like the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.