What hormones has the greatest influence on neural changes?

The hormones that have the greatest influence on neural changes are primarily cortisol and sex hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone. Cortisol, a stress hormone, can affect brain plasticity and neurogenesis, particularly in the hippocampus. Estrogen has been shown to promote synaptic growth and enhance cognitive functions, while testosterone can influence aggression and spatial abilities. Together, these hormones play crucial roles in shaping neural circuits and influencing behavior.