Who accepted responsibility of world war 1 and why?

Germany was largely held responsible for World War I following the conflict, primarily through the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. The treaty included the "War Guilt Clause" (Article 231), which attributed blame to Germany for the war, citing its aggressive military actions and alliances that escalated the conflict. This imposition of guilt was intended to justify heavy reparations and territorial losses imposed on Germany, which contributed to significant economic and political turmoil in the country.