Most people in Sumer were engaged in agriculture, working as farmers and laborers to cultivate crops such as barley, wheat, and dates. Additionally, many Sumerians were artisans, craftsmen, and merchants, creating goods like pottery, textiles, and metalwork for trade. Some also held positions as scribes, priests, or in government roles, contributing to the administration and religious practices of their city-states. Overall, the economy was primarily agrarian, supported by a network of trade and skilled labor.
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