Goldfish do change colour as they get older and also due to enviromental reasons.
Good quality food, good lighting and good water quality mean nice brightly coloured fish. Black is a normal colour for a goldfish.
The opposite leads to them fading or loosing colour.
My fish used to have black flecks, dad neglected him when I moved away and he lost all his colour and was a pale orange. Now I have him he's nice and healthy, turning bright orange again and gaining his black flecks back :)
If your fish is sick he will probably be at the bottom of the tank alot with his fins clamped to his sides and will generally look dull. :)
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